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Bending the Curve Trial by Trial
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Chemotherapy drugs

Where each cytotoxic drug came from, why it was looked for, which cancers it was developed for and a few things worth knowing, with every claim traced to a source. Drugs are linked only where a source says one was derived from another or that they were given together.

54 drugs in 6 classes, first described 1844 to 1998. 37 with a recorded approval; median 13 years from first description to first approval. 0 regimens.

Each row is a class of drug. A filled mark is the year a drug was first described; an open mark and a thin line show the year of its first recorded approval. Arrows join a drug to the earlier drug it was derived from.

184019301940195019601970198019902000201020202030Platinum compoundsNitrogen mustards and oxazaphosphorinesAntifolatesPurine analoguesNitrosoureas, triazenes, alkyl sulfonates, aziridines and related alkylatorsPyrimidine analogues and fluoropyrimidinesCisplatin (1844)CisplatinCarboplatin (1973)CarboplatinOxaliplatin (1978)OxaliplatinNedaplatin (1983)NedaplatinMiriplatin (1986)MiriplatinLobaplatin (1990)LobaplatinSatraplatin (1993)SatraplatinHeptaplatin (1994)HeptaplatinMechlorethamine (1942)MechlorethamineMelphalan (1953)MelphalanChlorambucil (1955)ChlorambucilCyclophosphamide (1958)CyclophosphamideIfosfamide (1958)IfosfamideBendamustine (1963)BendamustineEstramustine phosphate (1975)Estramustine phosphateAminopterin (1947)AminopterinMethotrexate (1949)MethotrexateRaltitrexed (1991)RaltitrexedPemetrexed (1992)PemetrexedPralatrexate (1993)PralatrexateMercaptopurine (1951)MercaptopurineThioguanine (1951)ThioguaninePentostatin (1974)PentostatinFludarabine (1977)FludarabineCladribine (1980)CladribineClofarabine (1980)ClofarabineNelarabine (1983)NelarabineBusulfan (1953)BusulfanThiotepa (1953)ThiotepaStreptozocin (1959)StreptozocinDacarbazine (1961)DacarbazineProcarbazine (1963)ProcarbazineAltretamine (1964)AltretamineCarmustine (1964)CarmustineTreosulfan (1964)TreosulfanLomustine (1968)LomustineSemustine (1972)SemustineNimustine (1975)NimustineRanimustine (1978)RanimustineTemozolomide (1980)TemozolomideFotemustine (1987)FotemustineFluorouracil (5-FU) (1957)Fluorouracil (5-FU)Floxuridine (FUDR) (1958)Floxuridine (FUDR)Cytarabine (1959)CytarabineTrifluridine-tipiracil (1964)Trifluridine-tipiracilTegafur (1966)TegafurAncitabine (cyclocytidine) (1971)Ancitabine (cyclocytidine)Carmofur (1976)CarmofurEnocitabine (1976)EnocitabineTegafur-uracil (UFT) (1978)Tegafur-uracil (UFT)Doxifluridine (1980)DoxifluridineGemcitabine (1990)GemcitabineTegafur-gimeracil-oteracil (S-1) (1991)Tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil (S-1)Capecitabine (1998)Capecitabine