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Association between smoking and risk of bladder cancer among men and women (NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study)

Phase observational

Population
Men (n = 281394) and women (n = 186134) of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort; incident bladder cancer in 3896 men and 627 women.
Design
Prospective cohort analysis: men and women in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study completed a lifestyle questionnaire and were followed from 25 October 1995 to 31 December 2006 (about 4.5 million person-years). Prior prospective cohort studies of smoking and incident bladder cancer were identified by systematic review and summarised with fixed-effects models. Outcomes: hazard ratios, population attributable risks and number needed to harm.
Arms
  • Never smokers (control): Reference group: never smokers (39.8 per 100000 person-years)
  • Former smokers (experimental): Former smokers (119.8 per 100000 person-years)
  • Current smokers (experimental): Current smokers (177.3 per 100000 person-years)
People
Freedman ND
Bladder cancer incidenceHR 2.22 (95% CI 2.03–2.44)Bladder cancer incidenceHR 4.06 (95% CI 3.66–4.50)
Show the numbers
Results reported for Association between smoking and risk of bladder cancer among men and women (NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study)
EndpointAnalysisFormer smokers / Current smokersNever smokersEffect
Bladder cancer incidenceNIH-AARP cohort, former versus never smokers (men and women)finalFreedman 2011——HR 2.22 (95% CI 2.03–2.44)Incidence 119.8 per 100000 person-years in former smokers versus 39.8 in never smokers; number needed to harm 1250. Observational comparison; hazard ratios adjusted for age, education, ethnicity and pipe or cigar use (open author manuscript).
Bladder cancer incidenceNIH-AARP cohort, current versus never smokers (men and women)finalFreedman 2011——HR 4.06 (95% CI 3.66–4.50)Incidence 177.3 per 100000 person-years in current smokers versus 39.8 in never smokers; number needed to harm 727. Observational comparison; hazard ratios adjusted for age, education, ethnicity and pipe or cigar use (open author manuscript).
Results reported for Association between smoking and risk of bladder cancer among men and women (NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study)
EndpointAnalysisFormer smokers / Current smokersNever smokersEffect
Bladder cancer incidenceNIH-AARP cohort, former versus never smokers (men and women)finalFreedman 2011——HR 2.22 (95% CI 2.03–2.44)Incidence 119.8 per 100000 person-years in former smokers versus 39.8 in never smokers; number needed to harm 1250. Observational comparison; hazard ratios adjusted for age, education, ethnicity and pipe or cigar use (open author manuscript).
Bladder cancer incidenceNIH-AARP cohort, current versus never smokers (men and women)finalFreedman 2011——HR 4.06 (95% CI 3.66–4.50)Incidence 177.3 per 100000 person-years in current smokers versus 39.8 in never smokers; number needed to harm 727. Observational comparison; hazard ratios adjusted for age, education, ethnicity and pipe or cigar use (open author manuscript).
Hazard ratio (95% CI) by endpoint. Values below 1 favour the experimental arm.
Bladder cancer incidenceBladder cancer incidence0.512◀ experimentalcontrol ▶
Data table
EndpointHR95% CI
Bladder cancer incidence2.222.03–2.44
Bladder cancer incidence4.063.66–4.5
Primary publication: Freedman ND, Silverman DT, Hollenbeck AR, Schatzkin A, Abnet CC. Association between smoking and risk of bladder cancer among men and women. JAMA. 2011;306(7):737-45. PubMedDOI

Appears in

Sources

  1. Freedman ND, Silverman DT, Hollenbeck AR, Schatzkin A, Abnet CC. Association between smoking and risk of bladder cancer among men and women. JAMA. 2011;306(7):737-45.

    PubMedDOI