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References: Malignant mesothelioma

101 sources cited on this page. Links open the primary source.

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  4. Butchart EG, Ashcroft T, Barnsley WC, Holden MP. Pleuropneumonectomy in the management of diffuse malignant mesothelioma of the pleura. Experience with 29 patients. Thorax. 1976;31(1):15-24. PubMedDOI
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  7. Rusch VW. A proposed new international TNM staging system for malignant pleural mesothelioma. From the International Mesothelioma Interest Group. Chest. 1995;108(4):1122-8. PubMedDOI
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  9. Sugarbaker DJ, Flores RM, Jaklitsch MT, Richards WG, Strauss GM, Corson JM, et al. Resection margins, extrapleural nodal status, and cell type determine postoperative long-term survival in trimodality therapy of malignant pleural mesothelioma: results in 183 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;117(1):54-63; discussion 63-5. PubMedDOI
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  10. Vogelzang NJ, Rusthoven JJ, Symanowski J, Denham C, Kaukel E, Ruffie P, et al. Phase III study of pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin versus cisplatin alone in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(14):2636-44. PubMedDOI
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  11. Bydder S, Phillips M, Joseph DJ, Cameron F, Spry NA, DeMelker Y, et al. A randomised trial of single-dose radiotherapy to prevent procedure tract metastasis by malignant mesothelioma. Br J Cancer. 2004;91(1):9-10. PubMedDOI
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  12. European Medicines Agency (EMEA). Alimta: EPAR, procedural steps taken before authorisation (application submitted 29 July 2003; CHMP positive opinion 23 June 2004; Commission decisions 20 September 2004). Source
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  14. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Approval letter, NDA 21-462, Alimta (pemetrexed, LY231514), Eli Lilly and Company; electronic signature dated 4 February 2004 (scanned letter, read as page images). Source
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  16. Treasure T, Waller D, Tan C, Entwisle J, O'Brien M, O'Byrne K, et al. The Mesothelioma and Radical surgery randomized controlled trial: the Mars feasibility study. J Thorac Oncol. 2009;4(10):1254-8. PubMedDOI
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  17. Yan TD, Deraco M, Baratti D, Kusamura S, Elias D, Glehen O, et al. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: multi-institutional experience. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(36):6237-42. PubMedDOI
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  18. Bott M, Brevet M, Taylor BS, Shimizu S, Ito T, Wang L, et al. The nuclear deubiquitinase BAP1 is commonly inactivated by somatic mutations and 3p21.1 losses in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Nat Genet. 2011;43(7):668-72. PubMedDOI
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  19. Testa JR, Cheung M, Pei J, Below JE, Tan Y, Sementino E, et al. Germline BAP1 mutations predispose to malignant mesothelioma. Nat Genet. 2011;43(10):1022-5. PubMedDOI
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  20. Treasure T, Lang-Lazdunski L, Waller D, Bliss JM, Tan C, Entwisle J, et al. Extra-pleural pneumonectomy versus no extra-pleural pneumonectomy for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma: clinical outcomes of the Mesothelioma and Radical Surgery (MARS) randomised feasibility study. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(8):763-72. PubMedDOI
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  21. Calabrò L, Morra A, Fonsatti E, Cutaia O, Fazio C, Annesi D, et al. Efficacy and safety of an intensified schedule of tremelimumab for chemotherapy-resistant malignant mesothelioma: an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study. Lancet Respir Med. 2015;3(4):301-9. PubMedDOI
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  22. Krug LM, Kindler HL, Calvert H, Manegold C, Tsao AS, Fennell D, et al. Vorinostat in patients with advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma who have progressed on previous chemotherapy (VANTAGE-014): a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(4):447-56. PubMedDOI
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  23. Stahel RA, Riesterer O, Xyrafas A, Opitz I, Beyeler M, Ochsenbein A, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and extrapleural pneumonectomy of malignant pleural mesothelioma with or without hemithoracic radiotherapy (SAKK 17/04): a randomised, international, multicentre phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(16):1651-8. PubMedDOI
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  24. Bueno R, Stawiski EW, Goldstein LD, Durinck S, De Rienzo A, Modrusan Z, et al. Comprehensive genomic analysis of malignant pleural mesothelioma identifies recurrent mutations, gene fusions and splicing alterations. Nat Genet. 2016;48(4):407-16. PubMedDOI
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  25. Clive AO, Taylor H, Dobson L, Wilson P, de Winton E, Panakis N, et al. Prophylactic radiotherapy for the prevention of procedure-tract metastases after surgical and large-bore pleural procedures in malignant pleural mesothelioma (SMART): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(8):1094-1104. PubMedDOI
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  26. Galateau-Salle F, Churg A, Roggli V, Travis WD. The 2015 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Pleura: Advances since the 2004 Classification. J Thorac Oncol. 2016;11(2):142-54. PubMedDOI
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  27. Nowak AK, Chansky K, Rice DC, Pass HI, Kindler HL, Shemanski L, et al. The IASLC Mesothelioma Staging Project: Proposals for Revisions of the T Descriptors in the Forthcoming Eighth Edition of the TNM Classification for Pleural Mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol. 2016;11(12):2089-2099. PubMedDOI
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  28. Pass H, Giroux D, Kennedy C, Ruffini E, Cangir AK, Rice D, et al. The IASLC Mesothelioma Staging Project: Improving Staging of a Rare Disease Through International Participation. J Thorac Oncol. 2016;11(12):2082-2088. PubMedDOI
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  29. Rice D, Chansky K, Nowak A, Pass H, Kindler H, Shemanski L, et al. The IASLC Mesothelioma Staging Project: Proposals for Revisions of the N Descriptors in the Forthcoming Eighth Edition of the TNM Classification for Pleural Mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol. 2016;11(12):2100-2111. PubMedDOI
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  30. Rusch VW, Chansky K, Kindler HL, Nowak AK, Pass HI, Rice DC, et al. The IASLC Mesothelioma Staging Project: Proposals for the M Descriptors and for Revision of the TNM Stage Groupings in the Forthcoming (Eighth) Edition of the TNM Classification for Mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol. 2016;11(12):2112-2119. PubMedDOI
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  31. Zalcman G, Mazieres J, Margery J, Greillier L, Audigier-Valette C, Moro-Sibilot D, et al. Bevacizumab for newly diagnosed pleural mesothelioma in the Mesothelioma Avastin Cisplatin Pemetrexed Study (MAPS): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2016;387(10026):1405-1414. PubMedDOI
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  32. Alley EW, Lopez J, Santoro A, Morosky A, Saraf S, Piperdi B, et al. Clinical safety and activity of pembrolizumab in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (KEYNOTE-028): preliminary results from a non-randomised, open-label, phase 1b trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(5):623-630. PubMedDOI
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  33. Grosso F, Steele N, Novello S, Nowak AK, Popat S, Greillier L, et al. Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed/Cisplatin in Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Phase II Results From the Randomized, Placebo-Controlled LUME-Meso Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(31):3591-3600. PubMedDOI
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  34. Maio M, Scherpereel A, Calabrò L, Aerts J, Perez SC, Bearz A, et al. Tremelimumab as second-line or third-line treatment in relapsed malignant mesothelioma (DETERMINE): a multicentre, international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(9):1261-1273. PubMedDOI
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  35. Gregorc V, Gaafar RM, Favaretto A, Grossi F, Jassem J, Polychronis A, et al. NGR-hTNF in combination with best investigator choice in previously treated malignant pleural mesothelioma (NGR015): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(6):799-811. PubMedDOI
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  36. Hmeljak J, Sanchez-Vega F, Hoadley KA, Shih J, Stewart C, Heiman D, et al. Integrative Molecular Characterization of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Cancer Discov. 2018;8(12):1548-1565. PubMedDOI
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  37. Husain AN, Colby TV, Ordóñez NG, Allen TC, Attanoos RL, Beasley MB, et al. Guidelines for Pathologic Diagnosis of Malignant Mesothelioma 2017 Update of the Consensus Statement From the International Mesothelioma Interest Group. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2018;142(1):89-108. PubMedDOI
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  38. Walpole S, Pritchard AL, Cebulla CM, Pilarski R, Stautberg M, Davidorf FH, et al. Comprehensive Study of the Clinical Phenotype of Germline BAP1 Variant-Carrying Families Worldwide. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2018;110(12):1328-1341. PubMedDOI
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  39. Ceresoli GL, Aerts JG, Dziadziuszko R, Ramlau R, Cedres S, van Meerbeeck JP, et al. Tumour Treating Fields in combination with pemetrexed and cisplatin or carboplatin as first-line treatment for unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma (STELLAR): a multicentre, single-arm phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20(12):1702-1709. PubMedDOI
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  40. US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health. Approval order, humanitarian device exemption H180002, NovoTTF-100L System (Novocure), dated 23 May 2019. Source
  41. US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health. Summary of Safety and Probable Benefit, HDE H180002, NovoTTF-100L System (Novocure); notice of approval to applicant 23 May 2019. Source
  42. Scagliotti GV, Gaafar R, Nowak AK, Nakano T, van Meerbeeck J, Popat S, et al. Nintedanib in combination with pemetrexed and cisplatin for chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma (LUME-Meso): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2019;7(7):569-580. PubMedDOI
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  43. Scherpereel A, Mazieres J, Greillier L, Lantuejoul S, Dô P, Bylicki O, et al. Nivolumab or nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with relapsed malignant pleural mesothelioma (IFCT-1501 MAPS2): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, non-comparative, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20(2):239-253. PubMedDOI
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  44. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. OPDIVO (nivolumab) prescribing information enclosed with the BLA 125554/S-089 approval letter (Reference ID 4679692). Section 14.5: malignant pleural mesothelioma, CHECKMATE-743. Source
  45. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. BLA 125554/S-089 supplement approval letter, Opdivo (nivolumab) in combination with ipilimumab, unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma; electronic signature dated 2 October 2020 (Reference ID 4679692). Source
  46. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. BLA 125377/S-115 supplement approval letter, Yervoy (ipilimumab) in combination with nivolumab, first-line unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma; electronic signature dated 2 October 2020 (Reference ID 4679693). Source
  47. Popat S, Curioni-Fontecedro A, Dafni U, Shah R, O'Brien M, Pope A, et al. A multicentre randomised phase III trial comparing pembrolizumab versus single-agent chemotherapy for advanced pre-treated malignant pleural mesothelioma: the European Thoracic Oncology Platform (ETOP 9-15) PROMISE-meso trial. Ann Oncol. 2020;31(12):1734-1745. PubMedDOI
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  48. Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Miller D, Brest A, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z, Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2017, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; based on the November 2019 SEER data submission, released 15 April 2020. Section 17, Mesothelioma, Table 17.4 (5-year relative and period survival by race, sex, diagnosis year, stage and age). PDF read on 25 October 2026. SEER states that the Cancer Statistics Review is no longer produced, starting with the November 2021 data submission released on 15 April 2022. Source
  49. Baas P, Scherpereel A, Nowak AK, Fujimoto N, Peters S, Tsao AS, et al. First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab in unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma (CheckMate 743): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2021;397(10272):375-386. PubMedDOI
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  50. European Medicines Agency. Opdivo: EPAR, procedural steps taken and scientific information after the authorisation (archive version). Worksharing WS/1881: extension of indication, first-line unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma (CHMP opinion 22/04/2021; Commission decision 01/06/2021). Source
  51. European Medicines Agency. Yervoy: EPAR, procedural steps taken and scientific information after the authorisation (archive version). Worksharing WS/1881: extension of indication, first-line unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma (CHMP opinion 22/04/2021; Commission decision 01/06/2021). Source
  52. Fennell DA, Ewings S, Ottensmeier C, Califano R, Hanna GG, Hill K, et al. Nivolumab versus placebo in patients with relapsed malignant mesothelioma (CONFIRM): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22(11):1530-1540. PubMedDOI
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  53. Carbone M, Pass HI, Ak G, Alexander HR Jr, Baas P, Baumann F, et al. Medical and Surgical Care of Patients With Mesothelioma and Their Relatives Carrying Germline BAP1 Mutations. J Thorac Oncol. 2022;17(7):873-889. PubMedDOI
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  54. Kindler HL, Novello S, Bearz A, Ceresoli GL, Aerts JGJV, Spicer J, et al. Anetumab ravtansine versus vinorelbine in patients with relapsed, mesothelin-positive malignant pleural mesothelioma (ARCS-M): a randomised, open-label phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022;23(4):540-552. PubMedDOI
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  55. Nakajima EC, Vellanki PJ, Larkins E, Chatterjee S, Mishra-Kalyani PS, Bi Y, et al. FDA Approval Summary: Nivolumab in Combination with Ipilimumab for the Treatment of Unresectable Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Clin Cancer Res. 2022;28(3):446-451. PubMedDOI
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  56. Peters S, Scherpereel A, Cornelissen R, Oulkhouir Y, Greillier L, Kaplan MA, et al. First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus chemotherapy in patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma: 3-year outcomes from CheckMate 743. Ann Oncol. 2022;33(5):488-499. PubMedDOI
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  57. Popat S, Baas P, Faivre-Finn C, Girard N, Nicholson AG, Nowak AK, et al. Malignant pleural mesothelioma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up(☆). Ann Oncol. 2022;33(2):129-142. PubMedDOI
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  58. Sauter JL, Dacic S, Galateau-Salle F, Attanoos RL, Butnor KJ, Churg A, et al. The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Pleura: Advances Since the 2015 Classification. J Thorac Oncol. 2022;17(5):608-622. PubMedDOI
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  59. Chu Q, Perrone F, Greillier L, Tu W, Piccirillo MC, Grosso F, et al. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy in untreated advanced pleural mesothelioma in Canada, Italy, and France: a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10419):2295-2306. PubMedDOI
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  60. Piccirillo MC, Chu Q, Bradbury P, Tu W, Coschi CH, Grosso F, et al. Brief Report: Canadian Cancer Trials Group IND.227: A Phase 2 Randomized Study of Pembrolizumab in Patients With Advanced Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (NCT02784171). J Thorac Oncol. 2023;18(6):813-819. PubMedDOI
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  61. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) prescribing information enclosed with the BLA 125514/S-161 approval letter (Reference ID 5448057). Sections 1.3 and 14.3: malignant pleural mesothelioma, KEYNOTE-483. Source
  62. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. BLA 125514/S-161 supplement approval letter, Keytruda (pembrolizumab) with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy, first-line unresectable advanced or metastatic malignant pleural mesothelioma; electronic signature dated 17 September 2024 (Reference ID 5448057). Source
  63. Kindler HL, Rosenthal A, Giroux DJ, Nowak AK, Billè A, Gill RR, et al. The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Mesothelioma Staging Project: Proposals for the M Descriptors in the Forthcoming Ninth Edition of the TNM Classification for Pleural Mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol. 2024;19(11):1564-1577. PubMedDOI
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  64. Lim E, Waller D, Lau K, Steele J, Pope A, Ali C, et al. Extended pleurectomy decortication and chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for pleural mesothelioma (MARS 2): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2024;12(6):457-466. PubMedDOI
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  65. Szlosarek PW, Creelan BC, Sarkodie T, Nolan L, Taylor P, Olevsky O, et al. Pegargiminase Plus First-Line Chemotherapy in Patients With Nonepithelioid Pleural Mesothelioma: The ATOMIC-Meso Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2024;10(4):475-483. PubMedDOI
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  66. Wolf AS, Eisele M, Giroux DJ, Gill R, Nowak AK, Bille A, et al. The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Pleural Mesothelioma Staging Project: Expanded Database to Inform Revisions in the Ninth Edition of the TNM Classification of Pleural Mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol. 2024;19(8):1242-1252. PubMedDOI
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  67. Brown LM, Wilkins SG, Bansal VV, Su DG, Gomez-Mayorga J, Turaga KK, et al. Consensus guideline for the management of peritoneal mesothelioma. Cancer. 2025;131(13):e35868. PubMedDOI
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  68. European Medicines Agency, CHMP. Assessment report, Keytruda (pembrolizumab), procedure EMEA/H/C/003820/II/0154, 27 February 2025 (EMA/CHMP/99965/2025). Source
  69. European Medicines Agency. Keytruda: EPAR, procedural steps taken and scientific information after the authorisation (archive version). Variation II/0154: extension of indication, first-line unresectable non-epithelioid malignant pleural mesothelioma (CHMP opinion 27/02/2025; Commission decision 04/04/2025). Source
  70. Felip E, Popat S, Dafni U, Ribi K, Pope A, Cedres S, et al. A randomised phase III study of bevacizumab and carboplatin-pemetrexed chemotherapy with or without atezolizumab as first-line treatment for advanced pleural mesothelioma: results of the ETOP 13-18 BEAT-meso trial. Ann Oncol. 2025;36(5):548-560. PubMedDOI
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  71. Fennell DA, Hill K, Zhang M, Poile C, Ewings S, Baitei EY, et al. Constitutive inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition dictate sensitivity to nivolumab in CONFIRM: a placebo-controlled, randomised phase III trial. Nat Commun. 2025;16(1):6688. PubMedDOI
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  72. Kindler HL, Ismaila N, Bazhenova L, Chu Q, Churpek JE, Dagogo-Jack I, et al. Treatment of Pleural Mesothelioma: ASCO Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol. 2025;43(8):1006-1038. PubMedDOI
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  73. Kusamura S, Cinquini M, Morris D, Piso P, Kindler H, Brandl A, et al. Multisocietal Consensus on the Use of Cytoreductive Surgery and HIPEC for the Treatment of Diffuse Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma: A GRADE Approach for Evidence Evaluation and Recommendation. J Surg Oncol. 2025;131(5):810-815. PubMedDOI
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  74. Reuss JE, Lee PK, Mehran RJ, Hu C, Ke S, Jamali A, et al. Perioperative nivolumab or nivolumab plus ipilimumab in resectable diffuse pleural mesothelioma: a phase 2 trial and ctDNA analyses. Nat Med. 2025;31(12):4097-4108. PubMedDOI
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  75. American Cancer Society. Key Statistics About Mesothelioma. Web page, last revised 3 February 2026; accessed 25 October 2026 through the fetch tool. Secondary source: states that about 3,000 new cases are diagnosed each year (no year or data source given), an average age at diagnosis of about 70 for pleural and in the 50s for peritoneal mesothelioma, US incidence trends and that mesothelioma is much more common in men; gives no number of deaths. Source
  76. American Cancer Society. Survival Rates for Pleural Mesothelioma. Web page, last revised 3 February 2026; accessed 25 October 2026 through the fetch tool (the site refuses plain HTTP requests, which was not worked around). Secondary source: the American Cancer Society relies on the SEER database (its references are the SEER Summary Stage 2018 coding instructions and SEER*Explorer, accessed 13 June 2025) and gives 5-year relative survival by SEER stage for people diagnosed with pleural mesothelioma from 2015 to 2021. Source
  77. Cancer Research UK. Mesothelioma statistics. Health professional summary page. Accessed 25 October 2026; the page displays no update date. States 2,556 new cases of mesothelioma each year (2019, 2021-2022, UK), 2,200 deaths (2022-2024, UK) and that 94% of mesothelioma cases are preventable (UK). Source
  78. Cancer Research UK. Mesothelioma survival statistics. Health professional page. Accessed 25 October 2026; the page displays no update date. States that 2 in 100 (1.9%) people diagnosed with mesothelioma in England survive their disease for ten years or more, it is predicted (2013-2017). The public Cancer Research UK page on mesothelioma survival (last reviewed 18 May 2023) states that its figures are net survival. Source
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  80. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT02040272 (MARS 2). Registry record, API v2, accessed 25 October 2026. NCT02040272
  81. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT03918252 (Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade, resectable MPM). Registry record, API v2, accessed 25 October 2026. NCT03918252
  82. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT04996017 (AtezoMeso). Registry record, API v2, accessed 25 October 2026. NCT04996017
  83. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT05001880 (chemotherapy with or without immunotherapy for peritoneal mesothelioma). Registry record, API v2, accessed 25 October 2026. NCT05001880
  84. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT05655078 (HIT-Meso). Registry record, API v2, accessed 25 October 2026. NCT05655078
  85. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT06097728 (eVOLVE-Meso). Registry record, API v2, accessed 25 October 2026. NCT06097728
  86. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT07330271 (PTC-guided therapy for peritoneal mesothelioma). Registry record, API v2, accessed 25 October 2026. NCT07330271
  87. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT07824986 (sTEADfast). Registry record, API v2, accessed 25 October 2026. NCT07824986
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  91. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. OPDIVO prescribing information, Indications and Usage, via the openFDA drug label API (label version effective 12 August 2026). Source
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  93. Health and Safety Executive. Mesothelioma statistics for Great Britain, 2026. Report (PDF, 30 pages), July 2026, accredited official statistics; accessed 25 October 2026. Gives 2,146 mesothelioma deaths in Great Britain in 2024 (provisional) and age-standardised death rates per million by sex and period. Source
  94. openFDA drug label API, count of generic names among labels whose Indications and Usage text contains 'pleural mesothelioma' (openFDA data last updated 2026-10-23; query run 25 October 2026). Source
  95. US Food and Drug Administration. openFDA drug label API, search of the Indications and Usage text for 'mesothelioma' (50 labels returned on 25 October 2026): pemetrexed products, Opdivo, Yervoy, Keytruda and Keytruda Qlex. The mesothelioma sentence of every one of the 50 labels was checked and specifies initial treatment (pemetrexed with cisplatin) or first-line treatment. Source
  96. Scherpereel A, Baas P, Nowak AK, Tsao AS, Fujimoto N, Peters S, et al. Five-Year Clinical Outcomes With Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab Versus Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment for Unresectable Pleural Mesothelioma in CheckMate 743. J Clin Oncol. 2026;44(9):742-749. PubMedDOI
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  97. Scherpereel A, Baas P, Nowak AK, Tsao AS, Fujimoto N, Peters S, et al. Erratum: Five-Year Clinical Outcomes With Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab Versus Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment for Unresectable Pleural Mesothelioma in CheckMate 743. J Clin Oncol. 2026;44(19):1852. PubMedDOI
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